Who presides over the Senate in the absence of the Vice President?

The President Pro Tempore is the official who presides over the Senate when the Vice President is absent. This role is largely ceremonial and is usually held by the longest-serving member of the majority party. The President Pro Tempore's responsibilities include maintaining order during sessions, recognizing members to speak, and ensuring that the rules of the Senate are followed. This position highlights the continuity of leadership in the Senate and ensures that there is always someone to oversee proceedings, even in the Vice President's absence.

The other roles mentioned, such as the Speaker of the House and the Majority Whip, pertain specifically to the House of Representatives, not the Senate. The Senate Majority Leader is influential in guiding the legislative agenda and managing party strategies but does not serve as the presiding officer in the absence of the Vice President. Therefore, recognizing the role of the President Pro Tempore as the presiding officer during such times is crucial in understanding the structure and function of the Senate.